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В журналу Bioorganic Chemistry (IF 3,926) опубликована статья с участием сотрудников Института   к.х.н. С.О. Куранова (нс, ЛНТПС ), д.х.н. О.А. Лузиной (внс ЛФАВ) и д.х.н., чл.-корр. РАН, проф.  Н.Ф. Салахутдинова (зав.оделом, ОМХ, завлаб , ЛФАВ):

Exploring bulky natural and natural-like periphery in the design of p-(benzyloxy)phenylpropionic acid agonists of free fatty acid receptor 1 (GPR40)

 C9DT043251

Abstract

Six derivatives of 3-phenylpropionic acid bearing various natural and natural-like, spatially defined peripheral motifs have been synthesized and evaluated in vitro for free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1) activation. Two frontrunner compounds (bearing a bornyl and cytosine groups) were evaluated in an oral glucose tolerance test in mice where both demonstrated the ability to sustain blood glucose levels following a glucose challenge. The bornyl compound displayed a somewhat superior, dose-dependent efficacy and, therefore, can be regarded as a lead compounds for further development as a therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its high affinity to FFA1 was rationalized by docking experiments.

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В журнале European Journal of Organic Chemistry   (IF 3.029) опубликована статья  с участием сотрудников Института: к.х.н. С.И. Живетьевой (нс ЛИНИРР), д.х.н. И.Ю. Багрянской (внс, руководитель группы ГРСА), к.х.н. М.С. Казанцева (снс, ЛОЭ) и д.х.н. Е.В. Третьякова (зам. директора по науке, зав.лаб ЛИНИРР)

Preparation of Multi‐Spin Systems: A Case Study of Tolane‐Bridged Verdazyl‐Based Hetero‐Diradicals

Darya E. Votkina, Pavel V. Petunin, Svetlana I. Zhivetyeva, Irina Yu. Bagryanskaya, Mikhail N. Uvarov, Maxim S. Kazantsev,  Marina E. Trusova,  Evgeny V. Tretyakov,  Pavel S. Postnikov

European Journal of Organic Chemistry, Volume 2020, Issue13, April 7, 2020 Pages 1996-2004

First published:04 March 2020

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.202000044

Hot Topic: C-C Coupling

Abstract

Sonogashira coupling was investigated as a promising strategy for the synthesis of a multi‐spin system based on ‘Kuhn'‐verdazyls, oxoverdazyls, and nitronyl‐nitroxides. Eleven hetero‐diradicals were isolated in up to 56 % yields by a one‐step protocol. Oxoverdazyl radicals had the highest reactivity. This research opens access to simple design and investigation of conjugated diradicals.

ejoc201901254-toc-0001-m.png

 

Abstract

Iodine‐ and ethynyl‐containing 'Kuhn'‐verdazyls, oxoverdazyls, and nitronyl nitroxides were investigated as building blocks for the preparation of multi‐spin systems via the Sonogashira reaction, and, as a result, eleven diradicals were prepared with fair yields. The reactivity of the building blocks indicates that oxoverdazyl iodides are effective starting components for the synthesis of diradicals via the Sonogashira coupling. The described one‐step protocol allows combining different spin units, thereby facilitating the design of tolane‐bridged diradicals and screening of their properties. The novel compounds were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, UV/Vis and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Although the electrochemical investigation and electronic spectra showed a negligible influence of radical moieties on each other, ESR data revealed a strong exchange interaction between two unpaired electrons. The prepared verdazyl‐nitronylnitroxide diradicals have high stability at storage and hold promise for further investigation and application.

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10.1039/C9CP06213K




Dear Prof. Bagryanskaya,
I am writing on behalf of the Editorial Board to thank and congratulate you for your recent contribution to PCCP, Photochemistry of Tris(2,3,5,6-tetrathiaaryl)methyl Radicals in Various Solutions, DOI: 10.1039/C9CP06213K.
I am delighted to let you know that this was extremely well received, and has been selected by our Editors as a 2019 HOT PCCP article. Please find the collection, now including your publication, here .
As part of the 2019 HOT articles collection, your article will shortly be made free to access until the end of June 2020, and announced to the PCCP community.
Thank you once again for your excellent contribution, and we look forward to receiving your next submission to PCCP.

Kathryn Gempf M. Sci. MRSC
Development Editor,
Journals Royal Society of Chemistry


2020_PCCP_22_3_Kyzelev


В журнале Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 22, Iss. 3, 1019-1026, 2020  (IF 3,567) опубликована статья с участием сотрудников Института:   А.А. Кужелева, В.М. Тормышева,  О.Ю. Рогожниковой, М.В. Еделевой и Е.Г. Багрянской

Photochemistry of tris(2,3,5,6-tetrathiaaryl)methyl radicals in various solutions

Andrey A. Kuzhelev, Victor M. Tormyshev, Victor F. Plyusnin, Olga Yu. Rogozhnikova, Mariya V. Edeleva, Sergey L. Veber and Elena G. Bagryanskaya

First published: 11 December 2019

doi: 10.1039/C9CP06213K

2020_PCCP_22_3_Kyzelev

 

Abstract

During the last decades, persistent tris(2,3,5,6-tetrathiaaryl)methyl radicals (TAMs) have attracted much attention due to their applications in oximetry, EPR tomography, and as spin labels in pulsed dipolar EPR spectroscopy. Recently, researchers proposed to use TAM radicals as spin labels and/or a partner for photoinduced spin labels. Thus, the questions of their photochemical stability and mechanism of degradation under UV irradiation have become relevant and important. In this study, steady-state photolysis and flash photolysis of TAM radicals were investigated. A detailed mechanism of TAM phototransformations was proposed and confirmed by NMR, gel permeation chromatography, and mass-spectrometric analyses of the products.

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В журнале Dalton Transactions (IF 4,052) опубликована статья с участием сотрудников Института   д.х.н. И.И. Олейника (внс, ЛЭИСМ ) и к.х.н. И.В. Олейник (снс, ЛЭАСМ):

High molecular weight polyethylenes of narrow dispersity promoted using bis(arylimino)cyclohepta[b]pyridine-cobalt catalysts ortho-substituted with benzhydryl & cycloalkyl groups

 C9DT043251

Abstract

A one-pot template strategy has been utilized to synthesize sterically enhanced bis(imino)cyclohepta[b]pyridine-cobalt(II) chlorides, [2-{(Ar)N[double bond, length as m-dash]CMe}-9-{N(Ar)}C10H10N]CoCl2 (Ar = 2-(C5H9) -4,6-(CHPh2)2C6H2 Co1, 2-(C6H11)-4,6-(CHPh2)2C6H2  Co2, 2-(C8H15)-4,6-(CHPh2) 2C6H2 Co3, 2-(C12H23)-4,6-(CHPh2 )2C6HCo4, 2,6-(C5H9)2 -4-(CHPh2)C6H2 Co5). All five complexes have been characterized by a combination of FT-IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The molecular structures of Co1Co3 and Co5 highlight the substantial steric hindrance imparted by the 2-cycloalkyl-6-benzhydryl or 2,6-dicyclopentyl ortho-substitution pattern; distorted square pyramidal geometries are exhibited in each case. On activation with methylaluminoxane (MAO) or modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO), all the complexes (apart from Co4/MAO) were active ethylene polymerization catalysts (up to 3.70 ? 106 g PE per mol (Co) per h for Co5/MMAO), operating effectively at temperatures between 50 °C and 60 °C, producing polyethylenes with high molecular weights (up to 589.5 kg mol-1 for Co3/MAO). Furthermore, all polymers were highly linear (Tm > 130 °C) with narrow dispersities (Mw/Mn range: 2.0–3.0). The coexistence of two chain termination pathways, β-H elimination and transfer to aluminum, has been demonstrated using 13 C/1H NMR spectroscopy.

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В журнале Polymer Chemistry (IF 4,760) опубликована статья с участием сотрудников Института   Д.С. Одинцова (мнс ЛЭАСМ) , к.х.н. И.К. Шундриной (с.н.с. ЛЭАСМ), к.х.н. И.А. Оськиной (с.н.с. ЛГетС), к.х.н. И.В. Олейник (с.н.с. ЛЭАСМ)  и д.х.н. Л.А. Шундрина (зав.лаб. ЛЭАСМ):

Ambipolar polyimides with pendant groups based on 9H-thioxanthene-9-one derivatives: synthesis, thermostability, electrochemical and electrochromic properties

First published 18 Feb 2020

 C9DT043251

Abstract

New electro-active polyimides (PI) with pendant groups based on 9H-thioxanthene-9-one (Th(O)S) and its S,S-dioxide derivative (Th(O)SO2) have been synthesized on the basis of 2-{bis(4-aminophenyl)aminomethyl}-9H-Th(O)S/Th(O)SO2 by the route including the synthesis of the corresponding polyamidoacids followed by their chemical imidization. The synthesized polyimides demonstrated thermal stability up to 400 °C without a noticeable weight loss. Thin-layer cyclic voltammetry showed the polyimides to be capable of reversible electron transfer at low negative potentials, their values depending on the nature of the pendant groups. The electrochromic behavior of the polyimides showed absorption bands at 363, 409, 683 nm for the PI with the Th(O)S pendant group and 355, 644 nm for the PI with the Th(O)SO2 in the potential sweep range 0 > E > −2.1 V. Optical absorption bands under electrochemical reduction conditions are associated with the formation of radical anion states of the pendant groups inside the PI layer as well as reversible electron transfer to the electron-acceptor moiety of the polymer chain. It was confirmed by comparison with 3D UV-VIS-NIR spectroelectrochemical studies of the corresponding 2-methyl-9H-thioxanthene-9-ones used as precursors of the pendant groups.

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На сайте журнала ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces   (IF=8,456) опубликована статья  с участием сотрудника Института к.х.н. М.С. Казанцева

 


Fluorinated thiophene-phenylene co-oligomers for optoelectronic devices

Andrey Yurievich Sosorev, Vasiliy A. Trukhanov, Dmitry R. Maslennikov, Oleg V Borshchev, Roman Polyakov, Maxim Skorotetcky, Nikolay M. Surin, Maxim S. Kazantsev, Dmitry Igorevich Dominskiy, Viktor Aleksandrovich Tafeenko, Sergey A. Ponomarenko, Dmitry Yu. Paraschuk



ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2020, 12, 8,  9507-9519
Publication Date:February 3, 2020



 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b20295

 2020 acsami Kazantsev

Abstract

Organic optoelectronics requires materials combining bright luminescence and efficient ambipolar charge transport. Thiophene-phenylene co-oligomers (TPCOs) are promising highly emissive materials with decent charge-carrier mobility; however, they typically show poor electron injection in devices, which is usually assigned to high energies of their lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs). A widely used approach to lower the frontier orbitals energy levels of a conjugated molecule is its fluorination. In this study, we synthesized three new fluorinated derivatives of one of the most popular TPCOs, 2,2'-(1,4-phenylene)bis[5-phenylthiophene] (PTPTP), and studied them by cyclic voltammetry, absorption, photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopies. The obtained data reveal a positive effect of fluorination on the optoelectronic properties of PTPTP: LUMO levels are finely tuned, photoluminescence quantum yield and absorbance are increased. We then grew crystals from fluorinated PTPTPs, resolved their structures, and showed that fluorination dramatically affects the packing motif and facilitates π-stacking. Finally, we fabricated thin-film organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and demonstrated a strong impact of fluorination on charge injection/transport for both types of charge carriers, electrons and holes. Specifically, balanced ambipolar charge transport and electroluminescence were observed only in the OFET active channel based on the partially fluorinated PTPTP. The obtained results can be extended to other families of conjugated oligomers and highlight the efficiency of fluorination for rational design of organic semiconductors for optoelectronic devices.

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В журнале Polymer   (IF=8,456) опубликована статья  с участием сотрудника Института д.х.н. Е.Е. Шульц

 


Pyrocatechol borates: Synthesis, reaction with formaldehyde, and solvent effect on polycondensation process

Maxim A.Lenskiy, Elvira E.Shul'ts, Dmitriy V.Korabel'nikov, Andrey V.Ozhogin, Alexey N.Novitskiy



Polymer

Volume 188, 3 February 2020, 122162


 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122162

2020 Polymer Shults

 

Abstract

Pyrocatechol (I) and dipyrocatechol (II) borates were synthesized by esterification between pyrocatechol (1,2-dihydroxybenzene) and boric acid in о-xylene with azeotropic distillation of water. The co-esterification between pyrocatechol and boric acid with added equimolar quantities of phenol or 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol was studied, and pyrocatechol phenyl (III) and pyrocatechol-(2,6-di-tert-butyl)phenyl (IV) borates were prepared. The reaction of the resultant esters with formaldehyde in the presence of boron trifluoride etherate as a catalyst was examined. The coupling of the methylene moiety in several position of moleculeIII was found to be dependent on the solvent used. The electrophilic substitution on the phenol substituent took place in о-xylene, while the reaction in either benzene or molten monomer proceeded to substitute the methylene moiety for the proton on the catechol moiety. The molecular weights of the compounds were measured. Some properties of the synthesized oligomers were determined and thermal and thermooxidative destruction was examined.

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10.1039/C9NJ04069B

Selenium & Tellurium chemistry at the beginning of the 3rd millennium: a celebration of ICCST


В журнале New Journal of Chemistry, 2019, Vol. 43, N 41, Pp. 16331-16-337,  (IF 3,069) опубликована статья с участием сотрудников Института:   к.х.н. Н.А. Семёнова, Е.А. Радюш, Е.А. Чулановой, д.х.н. И.Ю. Багрянской, к.х.н. Иртеговой, д.х.н. Л.А. Шундрина и д.х.н. А.В. Зибарева

Design, synthesis and isolation of a new 1,2,5-selenadiazolidyl and structural and magnetic characterization of its alkali-metal salts

Nikolay A. Semenov, Ekaterina A. Radiush, Elena A. Chulanova, Alexandra M. Z. Slawin, J. Derek Woollins, Evgeny M. Kadilenko, Irina Yu. Bagryanskaya, Irina G. Irtegova, Artem S. Bogomyakov, Leonid A. Shundrin, Nina P. Gritsan and Andrey V. Zibarev

New Journal of Chemistry, First published: 12 Sptember 2019

doi: 10.1039/C9NJ04069B

2019_NJC_41_Semenov

 

Abstract

5,6-Dicyano[1,2,5]selenadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine 1 was synthesized and electrochemically and chemically reduced into its radical anion [1]˙−, which was characterized by EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations, and isolated in the form of homospin salts [K(18-crown-6)]+[1]˙− (2) and [Na(18-crown-6)]+[1]˙− (3). The crystal structure of 2 revealed π-dimers of [1]˙− featuring a shortened interplanar separation of 3.18 Å, and that of 3 showed chains of alternating cations and anions. DFT and CASSCF calculations on the π-dimers of [1]˙− suggest a closed-shell singlet ground state with a noticeable contribution of diradical character. According to EPR and SQUID magnetometry, salt 2 is diamagnetic in the range of 2–300 K, whereas salt 3 is paramagnetic and reveals weak antiferromagnetic exchange interactions.

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10.1016/j.supflu.2019.104748

В журнале The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, Vol. 158, 1 April 2020, 104748,  (IF 3,481) опубликована статья с участием сотрудника Института:   д.х.н. И.А. Григорьева

Paramagnetic bioactives encapsulated in poly(D,L-lactide) microparticules: Spatial distribution and in vitro release kinetics

Golubeva E.N., Chumakova N.A., Kuzin S.V., Grigoriev I.A.Б Kalai T., Korotkevich A.A., Bogorodsky S.E., Krotova L.I., Popov V.K., Lunin V.V.

First published: 11 December 2019

doi: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.104748

2020_PCCP_22_3_Kyzelev

 

Abstract

Poly(D,L-lactide) microparticles impregnated with a number of bioactive paramagnetic compounds have been fabricated using two SCF techniques: 1). PGSS (Particles from Gas Saturated Solution) and 2). polymer plasticization and swelling by supercritical carbon dioxide followed by its cryomilling. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy manifested homogeneous spatial distribution for the most of these substances encapsulated into the polymer. Irreversible relaxation processes in the prepared polymer structures and formulations were not observed. The qualitative difference in the release kinetics of paramagnetic molecules of different structure from the polymer microparticles into the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH = 7.4) was demonstrated. pH-sensitive ATI spin probe proved the decrease (up to ≤ 4.5) of local pH inside the microparticles during the first 9 days after its immersion in PBS.

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10.1039/C9CC08110K

В журнале Chemical Communications, Vol. 56, Iss. 7, 1113-1116, 2020  (IF 6,29) опубликована статья с участием сотрудника Института:   А.В. Зибарева

Bis(2,1,3-benzotelluradiazolidyl)2,1,3-benzotelluradiazole: a pair of radical anions coupled by Te...N chalcogen bonding

Nikolay A. Puskarevsky, Anton I. Smolentsev, Alexey A. Dmitriev, Ignacio Vargas-Baca, Nina P. Gritsan, Jens Beckmann and Andrey V. Zibarev

First published: 17 December 2019

doi: 10.1039/C9CC08110K

2020_ChemCom_56_7_Zibarev

 

Abstract

Reduction of 2,1,3-benzotelluradiazole (3) yielded a crystalline solid that features a trimeric dianion formally composed of two [3]˙− and one 3 bridged by unusually asymmetric Te⋯N chalcogen bonds. The solid is diamagnetic due to strong antiferromagnetic coupling, as revealed by CASSCF/CASPT2 and BS-DFT.

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10.1039/C9CP06213K

В журнале Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 22, Iss. 3, 1019-1026, 2020  (IF 3,567) опубликована статья с участием сотрудников Института:   А.А. Кужелева, В.М. Тормышева,  О.Ю. Рогожниковой, М.В. Еделевой и Е.Г. Багрянской

Photochemistry of tris(2,3,5,6-tetrathiaaryl)methyl radicals in various solutions

Andrey A. Kuzhelev, Victor M. Tormyshev, Victor F. Plyusnin, Olga Yu. Rogozhnikova, Mariya V. Edeleva, Sergey L. Veber and Elena G. Bagryanskaya

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 22, Iss. 3, 1019-1026, 2020
First published: 11 December 2019


doi: 10.1039/C9CP06213K

2020_PCCP_22_3_Kyzelev

 

Abstract

During the last decades, persistent tris(2,3,5,6-tetrathiaaryl)methyl radicals (TAMs) have attracted much attention due to their applications in oximetry, EPR tomography, and as spin labels in pulsed dipolar EPR spectroscopy. Recently, researchers proposed to use TAM radicals as spin labels and/or a partner for photoinduced spin labels. Thus, the questions of their photochemical stability and mechanism of degradation under UV irradiation have become relevant and important. In this study, steady-state photolysis and flash photolysis of TAM radicals were investigated. A detailed mechanism of TAM phototransformations was proposed and confirmed by NMR, gel permeation chromatography, and mass-spectrometric analyses of the products.

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В журнале Chemical Communications, Vol. 56, Iss. 5, 727-730, 2020  (IF 6,164) опубликована статья с участием сотрудников Института:  А.Ю. Макарова, Ю.М. Волковой, Л.А. Шундрина, И.Г. Иртеговой, И.Ю. Багрянской, А.В. Зибарева

Chemistry of Herz radicals: a new way to near-IR dyes with multiple long-lived and differently-coloured redox states

Alexander Yu. Makarov, Yulia M. Volkova, Leonid A. Shundrin, Alexey A. Dmitriev, Irina G. Irtegova, Irina Yu. Bagryanskaya , Inna K. Shundrina, Nina P. Gritsan, Jens Beckmann and Andrey V. Zibarev

Chemical Communications, Vol. 56, Iss. 5, 727-730, 2020
First published: 04 December 2019


 doi: 10.1039/C9CC08557B

Chem comm

 

Abstract

A new synthetic methodology based on the self-condensation of 1,2,3-benzodithiazolyl diradicals (Herz radicals) produces unprecedented 5-6-6-6-5 and 5-6-7-6-5 pentacyclic sulfur-nitrogen near-IR dyes featuring up to five multiple long-lived and differently coloured redox-states.

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В журнале Chemistry - A European Journal  Volume 25, Issue 3, January 21, 2019, Pages 806-816 (IF=5,16) опубликован статья  с участием сотрудников Института Е.А. Чулановой, д.х.н. Л.А. Шундрина, Г.Е. Сальникова, к.х.н. А.М. Генаева, к.х.н.И.Г. Иртеговой, д.х.н. И.Ю. Багрянской, д.х.н. А.В. Зибарева

 


Radical Anions, Radical‐Anion Salts, and Anionic Complexes of 2,1,3‐Benzochalcogenadiazoles

Dr. Nikolay A. Pushkarevsky,  Elena A. Chulanova,  Prof. Dr. Leonid A. Shundrin,  Dr. Anton I. Smolentsev,  Dr. Georgy E. Salnikov,  Dr. Elena A. Pritchina,  Dr. Alexander M. Genaev,  Dr. Irina G. Irtegova, Prof. Dr. Irina Yu. Bagryanskaya,  Prof. Dr. Sergey N. Konchenko,  Prof. Dr. Nina P. Gritsan,  Prof. Dr. Jens Beckmann,  Prof. Dr. Andrey V. Zibarev



Volume25, Issue3January 14, 2019, Pages 806-816
First online: 15 January 2019



 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201803465


Abstract

By means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and DFT calculations, it was found that the electron‐acceptor ability of 2,1,3‐benzochalcogenadiazoles 13 (chalcogen: S, Se, and Te, respectively) increases with increasing atomic number of the chalcogen. This trend is nontrivial, since it contradicts the electronegativity and atomic electron affinity of the chalcogens. In contrast to radical anions (RAs) [1].− and [2].−, RA [3].− was not detected by EPR spectroscopy under CV conditions. Chemical reduction of 13 was performed and new thermally stable RA salts [K(THF)]+[2].− (8) and [K(18‐crown‐6)]+[2].− (9) were isolated in addition to known salt [K(THF)]+[1].− (7). On contact with air, RAs [1].− and [2].−underwent fast decomposition in solution with the formation of anions [ECN], which were isolated in the form of salts [K(18‐crown‐6)]+[ECN] (10, E=S; 11, E=Se). In the case of3, RA [3].− was detected by EPR spectroscopy as the first representative of tellurium–nitrogen π‐heterocyclic RAs but not isolated. Instead, salt [K(18‐crown‐6)]+2[3‐Te2]2− (12) featuring a new anionic complex with coordinate Te−Te bond was obtained. On contact with air, salt 12 transformed into salt [K(18‐crown‐6)]+2[3‐Te43]2− (13) containing an anionic complex with two coordinate Te−Te bonds. The structures of 813 were confirmed by XRD, and the nature of the Te−Te coordinate bond in [3‐Te2]2− and [3‐Te43]2− was studied by DFT calculations and QTAIM analysis.

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На сайте журнала Chemistry - A European Journal   (IF=5,16) опубликована статья  с участием сотрудников Института В. Тормышева, Д. Трухина, О. Рогожниковой, А. Спицыной, А. Кужелева, Е.Г.  Багрянской

 


Methanethiosulfonate Derivative of OX063 Trityl: a Promising and Efficient Reagent for SDSL of Proteins

Victor Tormyshev, Alexey Chubarov, Olesya Krumkacheva, Dmitry Trukhin, Olga Rogozhnikova, Anna Spitsina, Andrey Kuzhelev, Vladimir Koval, Matvey Fedin, Tatyana Godovikova, Michael Bowman, Elena G. Bagryanskaya



Chemistry - A European Journal, 2020, V. 26, N 12, Pp 2705-2712
First published 18 December 2019



 https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201904587


Abstract

Trityl radicals or TAMs have appeared recently as an alternative source of spin labels for measuring long distances in biological systems. Finland trityl radical (FTAM) served as the basis for this new generation of spin labels, but FTAM is rather lipophilic and is susceptible  to self‐aggregation, to non‐covalent binding with lipophilic sites of proteins, and to non‐covalent docking at the termini of duplex DNA. In this paper we use the very hydrophilic OX063 TAM with very‐low toxicity and  little tendency for aggregation as the basis for a spin label. Human serum albumin (HSA) labeled with OX063 has an intense, narrow line typical of TAM radicals in solution while HSA labeled with FTAM has broad lines and extensive aggregation . In pulse EPR measurements, the measured T M for HSA labelled with OX063 is 6.3 μs at 50 K, the longest yet obtained with a TAM‐based spin‐label. The lowered lipophilicity also decreases side products in the labelling reaction.

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